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C10 - Propositional anaphora in negative polar contexts

The goal of this project is to arrive at a better understanding of the principles that govern anaphoric reference to propositions in negative sentences. In general, negative sentences make two propositions available for anaphoric uptake: the negative proposition that is denoted by the sentence, ¬p, and that proposition without negation, p. However, not in all cases are both propositions equally available for anaphoric uptake. Consider the following dialogue:

        Anne: I didn’t call Alex before 11 o’clock! 

        Ben: But that’s what he says.

The pronoun that in Ben’s reply refers to p, i.e. that Anne called Alex before 11 o’clock. If Ben’s reply is That’s very considerate, that refers to ¬p.

In this project we investigate the factors that – by hypothesis – influence the interpretation of anaphors like that. In other words, we investigate the factors that we hypothesize to have an influence on the prominence of ¬p vs. p and hence on the anaphoric uptake of ¬p vs. p. These include for instance conjunctions (like but), discourse particles (e.g., German ja, nämlich), subjunctive marking and tense, the type of negation involved (not, no, never etc.) or certain perspective markers. We are exploring these issues in experimental work and in corpus studies.

Team

Student Assistants


Josefine Kälber | jkaelber(at)smail.uni-koeln.de

Jascha Garkazi | jgarkaz1(at)uni-koeln.de

Sarah Schulz | repp-hilfskraefte(at)uni-koeln.de

Publications

2026

  • Canes Nápoles, Amalia & Sophie Repp. 2026. Object realisation in spoken Guadeloupean French: Evaluating NLP models for an under-resourced variety. In Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC). pdf

2025

  • Patterson, Clare, Umesh Patil, Caterina Ventura, Maria Lialiou, Petra B. Schumacher & Stefan Hinterwimmer. 2025. Why register might be more important than modality for the choice of demonstrative pronouns. LInguistische Berichte (281). 7–35.

Relevante Vorpublikationen der Projektmitglieder